The FCC in a new release of working papers has specifically run a discussion on the valuation of cost vs free transport and the Nash Equilibrium. –
One complicating factor is that allocating additional spectrum to unlicensed use may, under certain conditions, reduce consumer welfare. The economic problem is straightforward. Markets work best when the choices that economic actors make reflect the cost that their decisions impose on society. Economic agents typically incur the cost of their decisions by paying an appropriately informed market price. Due to the free entry condition inherent in unlicensed use (as traditionally conceived), there is no assurance that consumers will take into account the negative effect of their spectrum consumption decisions on the value other consumers place on using the same spectrum. Thus, rational users may “over-consume” freely available spectrum compared to the level that would promote both consumers’ and society’s interests. This welfare reducing outcome is referred to as the “Tragedy of the Commons.”
One solution involves treating spectrum allocated to unlicensed use as a “common pool resource” and utilizing a congestion etiquette to allocate spectrum to competing
users. Most existing etiquettes are based solely on engineering principles, as opposed to
market principles. This study defines four new potential congestion etiquettes, and examines the Nash equilibrium outcomes of each when spectrum users are allowed to choose between licensed and unlicensed options. We show that while each of the etiquettes improves the performance of the congestion-prone service, by reducing or eliminating the Tragedy of the Commons problem, …
But we have this from one of the Founding Fathers of the Internet age –
Bob Metcalfe thinks 1 Tbit/s Ethernet is inevitable, and he also believes the industry will have to tear down some standards to get there.
The “Father of Ethernet,” as he’s often called, will be delivering one of the keynotes at next week’s OFC/NFOEC show in San Diego, sketching what he believes will be the path to get to 1 Tbit/s speeds.
And in an exclusive LRTV interview, Metcalfe points out that the path might leave behind the equipment and even the fiber that’s been in the network for years.
“There comes a time when standards have to be overthrown,” he says. “We’re going down into sort of a dead end. I think that dead end is deep enough that we’ll get to 100 Gbit/s. The evidence is, to get to terabit Ethernet, we’ll have to break out of that dead end.”
Metcalfe, of course, has no problem with that kind of thinking.
“There’s now room to break loose of the stranglehold of standards and now move into some really fun new technologies,” he says.
But would anyone even need terabit Ethernet? It’s a question Metcalfe dismisses with his usual candor:
“We build it; they will come, I’m sure. It’s happened every time for 35 years.”
Understand where I am headed with this? There is a fundamental difference in viewpoints between readings. The FCC in the Nash analysis is a viewpoint in scarcity and how to manage it. Metcalfe on the other hand is a viewpoint in expanding bandwidth beyond which possibly the Nash Equilibrium problem does not apply. But regardless of your understanding of the technology involved you see here the classic matter of a governmental viewpoint of scarcity that must be managed vs a mindset that says that within bounds bandwidth will be cheap, and available. [Nobody escapes the laws of physics, STNG not withstanding. Sorry]
In the paper Modeling the Efficiency of Spectrum Designated to License Use and Unlicensed Operations apply the ‘tragedy of the commons’ and the Nash Equilibrium analysis to broadband spectrum usage. Reading through it, it appears to be a seminal piece of work. The Nash approach was predicated on a given set of choices with a known set of constraints to the player(s). So if I were a cable company like Time-Warner and not intent on spending another dime on technology. Looking at the Nash analysis as a means to maximize the income from the given customer reaction(s) would be a very valid way to approach things.
Yet here comes Metcalfe, ‘Its time to break out of impulse and go to warp’. Yes he is willing to ditch CDMA, ethernet, his brainchild to go for something faster and better. Fact he recognizes that it is the only way to get beyond 10Gbps in any practical manner. The goal is 1Tbps bandwidth for starters. Which brings us to our ‘nut’. Nash becomes almost of little consequence as the FCC paper would define it when given there is a unbound supply of bandwidth on a per subscriber basis. Will we get to 1Tbps wireless anytime soon? Probably not. Wireline sure. But is 1Gbps wireless possible? I don’t see why we could not get there in the next 10 years. Keeping in mind that the Auzzies have already developed a prototype 5Ghz chip for wireless.
But we won’t get there with an FCC that thinks, and acts in terms of ‘Tragedy of the Commons’ for that truly makes it a common tragedy for us all.
FCC working paper 42.
Metcalfe video clip.
If Only….
PS: I am not a Nash basher. His work “Nash equilibrium and welfare optimality” as part of game theory has been recognized in the financial sector as the underpinning of Quant Theory. His body of work is on par with Smith’s “…Wealth of Nations”. A wonderful movie was made of Nash’s life by Ron Howard, “A Beautiful Mind’. available on DVD.